关键词: 景观, 地形分异, 生态恢复措施, 黄土丘陵沟壑区

Abstract: Gaojianpu Watershed in Pengyang County, a typical loess hilly region, was selected as subject of study. The watershed was divided into 8 types of landscape in the light of the ecological restoration measures adopted therein. With the aid of ArcGIS10.0 software, data of the status quo of landscape were processed and spatial distribution of landscape types in the watershed analyzed with spatial analysis methods, like spatial overlay, terrain analysis etc., by taking into account landform features of the watershed, delineation of elevational gradient zones by “ridge”、 “hill”、 “slope”  and  “gully”, based on DEM topographic maps and remote sensing images of the watershed and topographical factors, like slope, aspect, etc.. Results show that topographical elements are important factors affecting watershed ecological restoration, and spatial distribution of restored ecological landscapes in the watershed is closely related to topographical factors of the watershed and characterized by obvious vertical distribution. With rising elevation, landscape type changes, following an order of gully forest, economic fruit forest, grain-for-green grassland, enclosure for natural restoration, contour terrace fields, piezoglypts, and barren slope for afforestation; spatial distribution of landscape components is much affected by slope, with distribution ratio gradually increasing first and then decreasing; with aspect turning from shady aspect to sunny slope, grain-for-green grassland, contour terrace fields and barren slope for afforestation decreases in distribution ratio, while enclosure of barren hills for natural restoration, and economic fruit forest increases, and piezoglypts and gully forest landscape were not affected.

Key words: landscape pattern, topographic differentiation, ecological restoration measures, loess hilly-gully region